Some of these questions are not necessarily derived directly from the textbook, but might require some thought. 

Name

1. Why is it beneficial for the 3' end of mRNAs to be protected from degradation by the hairpin formed by the factor-independent terminator?  Another way of thinking about it – why is it better to degrade mRNA from the 5' end?

2.  A.  What is the "logic"/purpose behind Rho-dependent termination?  Why might rRNAs be susceptible to Rho-dependent termination?

3.  What is tmRNA?  What is its function?  What does Clp have to do with it?


4.  How does the GroEL chaperonin function?


5. What is a nonsense mutation?  What is a suppressor mutation?  How does a suppressor mutation for a nonsense mutation work?  What would the consequences be if suppressor mutations were 100% effective?

6. What is the difference between transcriptional and translational fusions?  What are alkaline phosphatase fusions most widely used for.  Would they be transcriptional or translational fusions?  Why?