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Data Report

Case 1
Blood agar colony 1 - Choose One Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae viridans Streptococcus E. coli (Lac -) E. coli (Lac +) Klebsiella pneumoniae
Blood agar colony 2 - Choose One Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae viridans Streptococcus E. coli (Lac -) E. coli (Lac +) Klebsiella pneumoniae
MacConkey agar colony 1 - Choose One Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae viridans Streptococcus E. coli (Lac -) E. coli (Lac +) Klebsiella pneumoniae
MacConkey agar colony 2 - Choose One Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae viridans Streptococcus E. coli (Lac -) E. coli (Lac +) Klebsiella pneumoniae
Diagnosis - Choose One Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia Staphylococcus epidermidis pneumonia Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia viral pneumonia Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia

Case 2
Blood agar colony 1 - Choose One Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae viridans Streptococcus E. coli (Lac -) E. coli (Lac +) Klebsiella pneumoniae
Blood agar colony 2 - Choose One Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae viridans Streptococcus E. coli (Lac -) E. coli (Lac +) Klebsiella pneumoniae
MacConkey agar colony 1 - Choose One Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae viridans Streptococcus E. coli (Lac -) E. coli (Lac +) Klebsiella pneumoniae
MacConkey agar colony 2 - Choose One Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae viridans Streptococcus E. coli (Lac -) E. coli (Lac +) Klebsiella pneumoniae
Diagnosis - Choose One Staphylococcus aureus pharyngitis Staphylococcus epidermidis pneumonia Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia viral pneumonia Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia

Case 3
Blood agar colony 1 - Choose One Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae viridans Streptococcus E. coli (Lac -) E. coli (Lac +) Klebsiella pneumoniae
Blood agar colony 2 - Choose One Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae viridans Streptococcus E. coli (Lac -) E. coli (Lac +) Klebsiella pneumoniae
MacConkey agar colony 1 - Choose One Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae viridans Streptococcus E. coli (Lac -) E. coli (Lac +) Klebsiella pneumoniae
MacConkey agar colony 2 - Choose One Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae viridans Streptococcus E. coli (Lac -) E. coli (Lac +) Klebsiella pneumoniae
Diagnosis - Choose One Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia Staphylococcus epidermidis pneumonia Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia viral pneumonia Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia

Case 4
Blood agar colony 1 - Choose One Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae viridans Streptococcus E. coli (Lac -) E. coli (Lac +) Klebsiella pneumoniae
Blood agar colony 2 - Choose One Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae viridans Streptococcus E. coli (Lac -) E. coli (Lac +) Klebsiella pneumoniae
MacConkey agar colony 1 - Choose One Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae viridans Streptococcus E. coli (Lac -) E. coli (Lac +) Klebsiella pneumoniae
MacConkey agar colony 2 - Choose One Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae viridans Streptococcus E. coli (Lac -) E. coli (Lac +) Klebsiella pneumoniae
Diagnosis - Choose One Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia Staphylococcus epidermidis pneumonia Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia viral pneumonia Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia

Questions

If a patient had a sore throat and the Phadebact test was negative directly from a swab of pharyngeal exudate, what does this mean?
The patient does not have strep throat.
The patient has mononucleosis or another viral infection.
The patient could still have strep throat.
The Phadebact kit was defective.

What does it mean if the Phadebact test was positive?
That patient definitely has strep throat.
The patient has antibodies to streptococci, but may not have disease.
The kit was defective.
You still have to culture for a definitive result.

What is the most common cause of sore throats?
viruses
bacteria
protozoans
allergies

What is the more important cause, and why?
Viruses, because they cannot be treated with antibiotics
Bacteria, because they can lead to serious sequellae if untreated.
Protozoans, because they are difficult to diagnose.
Allergies, because they are life-long diseases.

How can you differentiate between bacterial vs. viral sore throat from history, physical, and laboratory data?
Viruses are more severe and have more exudate.
Bacteria are mil der and have less exudate.
Viruses do not cause fever, but bacteria do.
One cannot differentiate based on these criteria.

Why are nosocomial versus community acquired pneumonias usually caused by different microorganisms?  
Nosocomial patients suffer more aspiration and can be intubated.
Community acquired pneumonias are spread by droplet, nosocomial pneumonias are caused by direct contact.
Patients in hospitals are confined to closed air spaces.
There are no differences in the agents causing noscomial and community acquired pneumonia. 

Which do you think would be easier to make: a Lac- E. coli (normally Lac+) or a Lac+ Salmonella (normally Lac-)? Why?
Lac+ Salmonella because it the Salmonella want to be able to use lactose.
Lac+ Salmonella because E. coli is not viable if it is Lac-
Lac- E. coli because a simple mutation can ruin the pathway.
Lac- E. coli because they form white colonies on MacConkey agar.

What are the colors of the forms of alpha, beta, and gamma hemolysis?
red, white, blue
green, clear, none
green, clear, black
orange, blue, white

Why did only a couple of colonies the E. coli and/or Klebsiella appear on the blood agar plates?
These bacteria cannot grow on blood agar because of white blood cells.
The streptococci and staphylococci killed them.
They were present in very low amounts in the mixtures.
They were many (almost half of the total) colonies of these bacteria on the blood agar plates.

Why did the streptococci and staphylococci not appear on the MacConkey agar plates?  
These bacteria cannot grow on MacConkey agar because of bile salts.
The E. coli killed them.
They were present in very low amounts in the mixtures.
They were many (almost half of the total) colonies of these bacteria on the blood agar plates.